Pedestrians walk past the Union Station Transit Center, where sleek glass and steel structures contrast with the historic architecture of Chicago’s Union Station in the background. A CTA bus waits under the modern canopy, highlighting the integration of old and new design elements.

Inclusive Design for In-Between Spaces

Inclusive Design for In-Between Spaces

How the Journey to Work Shapes Who Can Access Opportunity

Pedestrians walk past the Union Station Transit Center, where sleek glass and steel structures contrast with the historic architecture of Chicago’s Union Station in the background. A CTA bus waits under the modern canopy, highlighting the integration of old and new design elements.
    • In-between spaces such as sidewalks, transit hubs, and parking structures shape the workday by determining whether people arrive prepared or depleted.
    • Barriers like broken elevators, inaccessible routes, and sensory overload exclude people with disabilities, aging workers, and neurodivergent individuals.
    • Human-centered design features such as clear signage, grab bars, ramps, lighting, and culturally responsive design create safer, more welcoming pathways that foster belonging.
    • Treating in-between spaces as critical infrastructure is an essential investment that supports productivity, opportunity, and stronger communities.

Editor’s note: In recognition of National Disability Employment Awareness Month (NDEAM) 2025 and its theme, “Celebrating Value and Talent,” we encourage readers to learn more from the U.S. Department of Labor’s Office of Disability Employment Policy. 

How the Journey to Work Shapes Who Can Access Opportunity

The workday starts long before we reach the office. It begins on sidewalks, in bus shelters, and at train stations where the day’s opportunities or barriers appear.

At GFT, we understand that thoughtful design of these everyday environments expands access not only to work but also to economic opportunities. Sidewalks, plazas, and transit stations shape how people move through their cities and connect to opportunity. When the path between home and work is equitable, people can fully participate in their communities.

When Public Spaces Exclude: Barriers in Urban Accessibility

For many, a routine commute can become an obstacle course. Workers with disabilities, older adults, and neurodivergent individuals often navigate environments that overlook human diversity. 

Only 22.7% of people with disabilities are employed compared to 65.5% of those without — a gap widened by inaccessible infrastructure. Workers with disabilities face daily mobility challenges that limit access to jobs, education, and community life. Nearly 70% of the world’s population will live in cities by 2050, yet only half currently have convenient access to public transit. These numbers underscore a clear truth: design determines who can participate fully. 

Barriers Beyond ADA Compliance

When infrastructure fails, it drains focus and energy before the workday begins. Imagine Sarah, a commuter who uses a wheelchair, faces a 20-minute delay each morning because an elevator at her station has been out of service for weeks. “My manager keeps asking if everything’s okay,” she said. “How do you tell your boss the infrastructure is letting you down?”

For too many commuters, these detours and disruptions accumulate over time. Longer routes, earlier mornings, or skipped opportunities become the hidden costs of poor design.

Inclusive Mobility: How Design Shapes the Daily Commute

Infrastructure quietly determines who moves forward and who falls behind. For workers with disabilities, small design choices such as an out-of-service elevator, a steep curb, or an unclear sign can become gatekeepers of daily participation.

When the journey to work requires constant problem-solving, it limits mobility and opportunity. Accessible, predictable pathways enable independence, reduce fatigue, and build confidence.

Emerging technologies such as autonomous vehicles and AI-enabled transit systems present similar choices: they can expand access or unintentionally reinforce exclusion. The difference lies in how intentionally they are designed — with people of all abilities in mind.

Why Minimum Standards Aren’t Enough

The pandemic revealed what design often hides: commuting was a barrier to employment. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, working from home accounted for 80% of the increase in disability employment post-pandemic, proving how much environment impacts opportunity. While home accessibility remains critical, the journey between home and work continues to define who can fully participate in the economy. 

While the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) sets an essential baseline, compliance alone does not guarantee inclusion. Features like ramps, elevators, and curb cuts only succeed when paired with environments that feel safe and welcoming. Lighting, sightlines, and materials influence more than movement; they affect comfort, safety, and dignity. Even spaces that technically meet standards can feel unwelcoming. Design choices signal values of openness or restriction, trust or control. 

True inclusion requires empathy as much as design. When design decisions prioritize compliance over connection, they risk undermining the communities they intend to serve. 

Inclusive Design Principles: Designing for Human Diversity

Inclusive design starts with one core principle: human diversity is the norm. Not an exception to accommodate. It broadens accessibility beyond regulations, considering how sensory, cognitive, and physical factors shape daily life.

This principle is visible in practice: 

  • Brooklyn’s Livonia Avenue Station introduced new elevators and overpasses connecting all levels, creating seamless transfers for a wide range of riders. These accessibility upgrades create spaces that connect, linking neighborhoods, people, and opportunity. 
  • The Navy Pier Flyover in Chicago improves safety and accessibility by providing dedicated pedestrian and bicycle paths that cross above Lake Shore Drive and connect to the Lakefront Trail. Transforms a previously unsafe corridor into a safe, functional, and visually stunning public space. 
  • Springfield’s Sangamon County Transportation Center integrated ADA-compliant facilities, intuitive wayfinding, and cultural elements, reconnecting neighborhoods once divided by rail.  
  • Even one of the most controlled zones of Chicago O’Hare’s International Airport, Terminal 5 finds a way to say you belong here, pairing bright, even lighting with bold chevron arrows and greetings in every language it can fit on the floor. 

These projects demonstrate how inclusive design transforms not only mobility but belonging. Each accessibility upgrade represents an investment in human connection, proving that thoughtful infrastructure planning can unite communities.

Human-Centered Design Features That Make a Difference

An inclusive commute includes: 

  • Accessible features — strategically located ramps, elevators, curb cuts, and safe pathways. 
  • Thoughtful environments — intuitive layouts, adequate lighting, clearly defined spaces, and spatial cues. 
  • Smart wayfinding — accessible wayfinding systems with clear signage, sensory cues, multilingual signage, and real-time updates improve safety for all users. 
  • Sensory support — lighting and acoustics that minimize overload. 
  • Culturally responsive design — shaped by community input and local context. 

Let’s Start the Conversation

At GFT, we know that meaningful inclusion starts with collaboration. Our inclusive design specialists and accessibility experts combine technical expertise and lived experience to help clients create journeys that work for everyone. Partnering with occupational therapists, accessibility consultants, and community liaisons, we study how people move through and experience spaces, then translate those insights into infrastructure that empowers connection, movement, and dignity. This National Disability Employment Awareness Month, we are celebrating the value and talent that inclusive design unlocks as we continue designing spaces that make participation possible and move people forward.

You May Be Interested In: Blog | Inclusion | Civic | Public Transit | Transportation | Architecture

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